{"id":1305,"date":"2018-08-07T22:21:16","date_gmt":"2018-08-07T18:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/samim-derakhshan.com\/english\/?p=1305"},"modified":"2018-08-07T22:21:16","modified_gmt":"2018-08-07T18:51:16","slug":"gypsum-supply-opportunities-from-mauritania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samim-derakhshan.com\/english\/gypsum-supply-opportunities-from-mauritania\/","title":{"rendered":"Gypsum supply opportunities from Mauritania"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mauritania<\/strong> is a country in Northwestern Africa, \u00a0home to 4.3 million people. It is the 11th larg-est country in Africa, with an area of 1,030,000km2. \u00a0The country is rich in natural resources, particularly \u00a0minerals. It has extensive deposits of iron ore, which \u00a0account for almost 50% of its total exports. It also \u00a0produces copper and gold from one of the largest \u00a0mines in Africa. In addition, the country holds enormous de-posits of highly pure gypsum, located 50km north \u00a0of the capital Nouakchott. The occurrence of such \u00a0gypsum deposits in a marine basin called \u2018Sebkha \u00a0Ndaghmecha\u2019 has been known since the 1960s, but it \u00a0was not until the 1980s that geological surveys were \u00a0thoroughly conducted. These studies showed that \u00a0gypsum occurs over an area approximately 80km \u00a0long and 50km wide. The \u2018sebkha\u2019 can be divided into \u00a0two main zones: one active and regularly flooded \u00a0and one fossil and dry that can be easily accessed by \u00a0road. Gypsum is found on the surface in the form of \u00a0moving dunes or translucent crystals with a size of\u00a0 \u00a01-15cm. It is also found in huge quantities 20-50cm \u00a0below the surface as a form of \u2018varved\u2019 or banded \u00a0gypsum.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0The gypsum varieties differ \u00a0in their appearance, chemical \u00a0composition, and the magni-tude of the reserves. The varved \u00a0gypsum deposits with a purity \u00a0of 70-96%, depending on the \u00a0bed depth, have been estimated \u00a0at 1.7Bnt, whereas the dune \u00a0gypsum deposits are approxi-mately 50Mt. The highly pure \u00a0crystalline gypsum selenites\u00a0 (> \u00a095%) cover a large area, where \u00a0the deposits are estimated to \u00a0be around 7Mt.1 Table 1 shows \u00a0chemical composition of differ-ent types of gypsum found in \u00a0the Sebkha of Ndaghmecha. Industrial exploitation of \u00a0gypsum quarries started in 1985 \u00a0by SAMIA, a Mauritanian-Ku-waiti company, equally owned \u00a0by the national mining conglomerate SNIM and the \u00a0Industrial Bank of Kuwait (IBK). SAMIA has per-mit rights for gypsum quarries and extracts mainly \u00a0varved gypsum from open pit quarries. The mecha-nised exploitation is relatively simple. An overburden \u00a0of 20-50cm is usually removed before accessing the \u00a0gypsum, which occurs as a thick layer 1-2m deep. The gypsum covers a bed of sand and shells. Once mined, gypsum is transported by a fleet of \u00a0trucks to SAMIA\u2019s plaster plant in Nouakchott or to \u00a0local cement factories. For the gypsum to be shipped \u00a0abroad, it is transported to a storage area near the \u00a0Port of Nouakchott. \u00a0In 2017, total gypsum production of the coun-try amounted to around 200,000t, of which about \u00a030,000t (15%) was processed to make plaster of Paris \u00a0and 170,000Mt (85%) was consumed by the cement \u00a0industry, both locally and in the West African sub-region. Of this 170,000t, about 25% was consumed \u00a0by local cement factories, whereas the remaining \u00a075% was exported, mainly to West African countries \u00a0such as Senegal, Guinea, Ghana, and Mali.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Market opportunities<\/h2>\n

Gypsum is essential in the production of cement, \u00a0where it acts as a set-controlling agent. For every 1t \u00a0of cement made, 30-50kg gypsum is needed. There \u00a0is no suitable alternative at this time and the sector is \u00a0set to be a large consumer of gypsum for the foresee-able future. In total it consumes 60% of the 250Mt of \u00a0gypsum produced worldwide every year.2 In Sub-Saharan Africa cement production is \u00a0growing very rapidly, fuelled by increasing demand \u00a0as a result of rapid urbanisation and GDP growth. \u00a0Gypsum demand is increasing in parallel, currently \u00a0around 3Mt\/yr. In 2016, the cement industry in \u00a0West Africa imported 1.5Mt of gypsum from Spain \u00a0alone.\u00a0 Nigeria received more than half of this amount\u00a0 \u00a0by itself.3 Although there are reported gypsum deposits in \u00a0some West and Central African countries such as \u00a0Mali, Nigeria and Angola, there are, to date, no com-mercially exploited gypsum mines in the western \u00a0part of Africa. All gypsum consumed by the cement\u00a0 \u00a0industry in this region is currently imported, mainly \u00a0from Spain. To capture a share of this market, SAMIA has \u00a0developed a marketing strategy and has acquired \u00a0the necessary equipment. With the opening of new \u00a0cement factories in neighbouring Mali in 2013, the \u00a0company started by exporting its gypsum by trucks \u00a0over a 1500km distance from its quarry to cement \u00a0factories near Bamako and Kayes. \u00a0Then, in 2015, it made its first 35,000t gypsum \u00a0shipment to Senegal. Since then, it has shipped \u00a0gypsum from the Port of Nouakchott to many other \u00a0destinations, including Guinea, Ghana, Cameroon, \u00a0and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In addition to these west and central African \u00a0countries, the company plans to become a major \u00a0gypsum supplier for the cement industry in the\u00a0 \u00a0Atlantic region, a region that includes the western \u00a0part of sub-Saharan Africa and the eastern parts \u00a0of South America and the US. This latter region \u00a0currently imports more than 2Mt\/yr of gypsum\u00a0 \u00a0from Spain.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In the future, part of this 2Mt\/yr could easily \u00a0be supplied from Mauritania. Indeed, Mauritania \u00a0has many comparative advantages. Firstly, it is geo-graphically much closer to these markets than Spain. \u00a0Secondly, the nature, quality, and extent of its gyp-sum reserves represent clear advantages. Last but \u00a0not least, the gypsum quarries are only 50km from a \u00a0deepwater port in Nouakchott, with a draft of 12m, at \u00a0which vessels of up to 45,000t can be loaded. Despite, these clear advantages, there are, however, \u00a0some supply challenges that need to be addressed \u00a0before the country and the company can reach their \u00a0full potentials. These include outbound logistics such \u00a0as inland transportation, storage, handling, and ship-loading. The availability of ships at Nouakchott and \u00a0freight rates also constitute major challenges.<\/p>\n

Other opportunities<\/h2>\n

Mauritania\u2019s annual production of plaster amounts \u00a0to about 30,000t, from two gypsum processing plants \u00a0in Nouakchott. These manufactured products are \u00a0intended mainly for the local market, but part of the \u00a0production is also exported by truck to neighbouring \u00a0Senegal and Mali. These countries are like all West \u00a0African countries in that they are net importers of \u00a0plaster and other manufactured gypsum products. \u00a0Mauritania is thus well positioned to become a major \u00a0supplier of gypsum manufactured products to these \u00a0West African markets given its geographical location \u00a0as well as the agreements it has with the Economic \u00a0Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Another potential market for Mauritanian gyp-sum is in the agricultural sector of West Africa, where \u00a0gypsum can be a valuable source of both calcium and \u00a0sulphur for plant nutrition. It can improve crop yield \u00a0of locally grown cultures such as peanuts and rice. \u00a0Gypsum can also be used to treat and reclaim soils \u00a0polluted by salt water spills as is the case of the Sen-egalese river banks in Senegal and Mauritania or by \u00a0hydrocarbon spills as is the case of the Niger delta\u00a0 \u00a0in Nigeria.<\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/h2>\n

Mauritania has enormous deposits of highly pure \u00a0gypsum that are still largely under-exploited. Open \u00a0pit gypsum quarries have been exploited by SAMIA, \u00a0a Mauritanian\u2013Kuwaiti company, since the 1980s to \u00a0produce gypsum and gypsum products, mainly for \u00a0the local market. However, it was not until recently \u00a0that this company has carried out successful export \u00a0operations to the West and Central African countries. Mauritania has the potential to become a major \u00a0global supplier of gypsum. It has indeed many \u00a0comparative advantages, including its geographical \u00a0location on the Atlantic Ocean, the nature, quality, \u00a0and extent of its gypsum reserves as well as the loca-tion of its gypsum quarries close to a major deepwater \u00a0port. However, there are some supply challenges that \u00a0need to be addressed before the country can take full \u00a0advantages of these market opportunities.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

By Global Gypsum Magazine<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mauritania is a country in Northwestern Africa, \u00a0home to 4.3 million people. It is the 11th larg-est country in Africa, with an area of 1,030,000km2. \u00a0The [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138,139],"tags":[140,141,142],"class_list":["post-1305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article","category-news","tag-article","tag-gypsum","tag-samim-gypsum"],"yoast_head":"\nGypsum supply opportunities from Mauritania - Samim Derakhshan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mauritania is a country in Northwestern Africa, home to 4.3 million people. 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